2023 Spring - Grade 8 Science - Life Cycle Analysis Project: Source Evaluation

While it is unlikely that anything humans do is ever absolutely objective, it is important to establish that the information you intend to use is reasonably objective, or if it is not, to establish exactly what the point of view or bias is. There are times when information expressing a particular point of view or bias is useful, but you must use it consciously. You must know what the point of view is and why that point of view is important to your project.*

* Virginia Tech Libraries. “Objectivity/point of View/bias | Information Skills Modules.” Accessed March 9, 2015. http://info-skills.lib.vt.edu/evaluating_info/8.htm

What is the likely bias (if any) of the author (individual or institution)?*

The purpose of the author in presenting ideas, opinions, or research may in part determine the usefulness of the source. Does the source show political, cultural or other bias? Are opposing points of view represented? Is this information verified in other sources? You may not be able to evaluate the objectivity of any single resource until you have looked at all your resources. Even biased sources can sometimes be used, if you are aware of the bias. 

Where to find in Books or Articles
The book jacket or back of book may have information that can help you determine bias; articles may have information at the beginning or end of the article. The credentials of the author may give you clues to bias. 

Where to Find on Web Sites
On Web sites, there may be an “about us,” or “about this site,” or “who we are” page that details what causes or ideas the site stands for. The Cato Institute states very clearly what their special interests are:

* Park, Kathryn. “5 Steps to Evaluation - Information Ethics - LibGuides at COM Library.” COM Library, Information for Life. Accessed March 9, 2015. http://libguides.com.edu/content.php?pid=116546&sid=1008738.

ASK YOURSELF: Is this source SMART?

The SMART Check is particularly helpful when evaluating news stories.  Determine if your news source is SMART before believing what is reported.    

Source: Who or what is the source?

• Where does the story come from?
• Is it a reputable news outlet?
• If the source is unclear, be skeptical about the story.  
• Make sure it's a source you can trust - e.g. a newspaper with good fact checking.

Motive: Why do they say so?  

• Do they have a special interest or particular point of view that may cause them to slant information to suit their beliefs or causes?
• Biased sources can be accurate, but you need to check them carefully.
• Get all sides to a story.  

Authority: Who wrote the story?

• What are the author's credentials?
• Is the person reporting the story an eyewitness or is he/she interviewing an eyewitness?  Remember eyewitnesses can be wrong.  
• Be wary of any source that is repeating hearsay and rumors.
• Make sure it's a source you can trust - e.g. an expert on the subject, a journalist reporting for a news outlet with a code of ethics, etc.  

Review: Go over the story carefully.  

• Does it make sense? 
• Is it logically consistent?  
• Are there any notable errors in facts or conclusions?  
• Make a list of questionable facts.  Develop questions about the story.

Two-source Test: Double check everything if possible.

• Talk to others or tune in to other newscasts to see if they are also reporting the same story.  
• Research the subject in journal articles and newspapers, by interviewing others, and search online.  
• Does your two-source test confirm or contradict the story?

Source: University of Washington Libraries