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Global II: Holocaust Research: Footnotes

Footnotes

Rules from the Chicago Manual of Style1

14.19Numbers in text versus numbers in notes

Note reference numbers in text are set as superior (superscript) numbers. In the notes themselves, they are normally full size, not raised, and followed by a period.

“Nonrestrictive relative clauses are parenthetic, as are similar clauses introduced by conjunctions indicating time or place.”1
1.        William Strunk Jr. and E. B. White, The Elements of Style, 4th ed. (New York: Allyn and Bacon, 2000), 3.

14.20Sequencing of note numbers and symbols

Notes, whether footnotes or endnotes, should be numbered consecutively, beginning with 1

14.21Placement of note number

A note number should generally be placed at the end of a sentence or at the end of a clause. The number normally follows a quotation (whether it is run in to the text or set as an extract). Relative to other punctuation, the number follows any punctuation mark except for the dash, which it precedes.

“This,” wrote George Templeton Strong, “is what our tailors can do.”1

14.24Purpose of shortened citations

To reduce the bulk of documentation in scholarly works that use footnotes or endnotes, subsequent citations of sources already given in full should be shortened whenever possible. The short form... should include enough information to remind readers of the full title or to lead them to the appropriate entry in the bibliography.

14.52Several citations in one note

The number of note references in a sentence or a paragraph can sometimes be reduced by grouping several citations in a single note. The citations are separated by semicolons and must appear in the same order as the text material (whether works, quotations, or whatever) to which they pertain. Take care to avoid any ambiguity as to what is documenting what.

Text:

Only when we gather the work of several scholars—Walter Sutton’s explications of some of Whitman’s shorter poems; Paul Fussell’s careful study of structure in “Cradle”; S. K. Coffman’s close readings of “Crossing Brooklyn Ferry” and “Passage to India”; and the attempts of Thomas I. Rountree and John Lovell, dealing with “Song of Myself” and “Passage to India,” respectively, to elucidate the strategy in “indirection”—do we begin to get a sense of both the extent and the specificity of Whitman’s forms.1

Note:

1. Sutton, “The Analysis of Free Verse Form, Illustrated by a Reading of Whitman,” Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 18 (December 1959): 241–54; Fussell, “Whitman’s Curious Warble: Reminiscence and Reconciliation,” in The Presence of Walt Whitman, ed. R. W. B. Lewis (New York: Columbia University Press, 1962), 28–51; Coffman, “ ‘Crossing Brooklyn Ferry’: A Note on the Catalog Technique in Whitman’s Poetry,”Modern Philology 51 (May 1954): 225–32; Coffman, “Form and Meaning in Whitman’s ‘Passage to India,’ ” PMLA 70 (June 1955): 337–49; Rountree, “Whitman’s Indirect Expression and Its Application to ‘Song of Myself,’ ”PMLA 73 (December 1958): 549–55; and Lovell, “Appreciating Whitman: ‘Passage to India,’ ” Modern Language Quarterly 21 (June 1960): 131–41.

        1. The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2010), 14, accessed May 14, 2015, http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html.

Why we Use Footnotes - EasyBib

Why We Use Footnotes

The style of Chicago/Turabian we use requires footnotes rather than in-text or parenthetical citations. Footnotes or endnotes acknowledge which parts of their paper reference particular sources. Generally, you want to provide the author’s name, publication title, publication information, date of publication, and page number(s) if it is the first time the source is being used. Any additional usage, simply use the author’s last name, publication title, and date of publication.

Footnotes should match with a superscript number at the end of the sentence referencing the source. You should begin with 1 and continue numerically throughout the paper. Do not start the order over on each page.

Henry James, The Ambassadors (Rockville: Serenity, 2009), 34-40.

When citing a source more than once, use a shortened version of the footnote.

James, The Ambassadors, 14.

http://content.easybib.com/citation-guides/chicago-turabian/footnotes/

Inserting Citations into Word

How to Create a Footnote

On a Word or Pages doc, place your cursor at the end of the sentence for which you must include a citation. To do this, go to the top menu bar and click on "INSERT." Scroll down to "FOOTNOTE" and click OK in the dialog box that pops up (don't change anything). You'll be taken to the bottom of the page and your cursor will appear after the small number (the same number will also appear in your text, where you had asked to insert). Input the citation information, if you are using NoodleTools, you can copy and paste the citation.

Hints:

  • Do not use Ibid., the term used to provide a footnote citation for a source that was cited in the preceding footnote. if you reogranize your paper and sentaces, your citation information will become inaccurate.
  • Remember to put the page number at the end of every footnote. When citing webpages ask your teacher what he/she prefers you use instead of a page #.

Footnote Guidelines - Purdue OWL

Footnotes

  • Note numbers should begin with “1” and follow consecutively throughout a given paper. 

  • In the text, note numbers are superscripted. 

    • Note numbers should be placed at the end of the clause or sentence to which they refer and should be placed after any and all punctuation. 

    • In the notes themselves, note numbers are full-sized, not raised, and followed by a period (superscripting note numbers in the notes themselves is also acceptable). 

    • The first line of a footnote is indented .5” from the left margin. 

    • Subsequent lines within a footnote should be formatted flush left. 

    • Leave an extra line space between footnotes.

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/02/